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叙利亚陷入内战

2012年2月6日

俄罗斯和中国再次阻挠联合国安理会通过一项谴责叙利亚政府的决议。此间,俄罗斯和中国再次阻挠联合国安理会通过一项谴责叙利亚政府的决议。

https://p.dw.com/p/13y0l
Syrian soldiers, who have defected to join the Free Syrian Army, hold up their rifles as they secure a street in Saqba, in Damascus suburbs, in this January 27, 2012 file photo. People have described Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to Reuters as a head of state fully abreast of events on the ground - not the mere puppet of hardliners that some have portrayed - "relaxed and phlegmatic", and determined to see off the challenge, offering some reforms, strictly on his own terms. While few rate his long-term prospects highly, all is not lost, at least for now. Assad's troops swiftly drove back the more lightly armed rebels from the outskirts of Damascus and many foresee a long struggle yet for a country, at the heart of the Middle East, that is trapped in a "balance of weakness". Picture taken January 27, 2012. To match Insight SYRIA/ASSAD REUTERS/Ahmed Jadallah/Files (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS MILITARY)
加入反对阵营自由叙利亚军的前政府军士兵在大马士革近郊守卫街道图像来源: REUTERS

(德国之声中文网)霍姆斯战火纷飞。这座叙利亚第三大城市里浓烟滚滚,到处传来枪炮声和爆炸声,一处输油管被炸。战争已经到来。没有人知道究竟有多少人被打死。一位目击者在阿拉伯半岛电视台说:

"炸弹落到各城区居民楼上。场面非常恐怖。这是一场大规模的袭击,短短半小时就扔下了很多炸弹。从太阳升起就开始,6点钟后更加密集。楼房在爆炸声中颤抖。我们不知道该怎么办才好。"

由于俄罗斯和中国投了否决票,联合国暂时不能通过谴责叙利亚政府的决议。阿拉伯联盟称这是给阿萨德政权发了"杀人许可"。霍姆斯居民对俄中的外交抵制嘲讽说:

"谢了,俄罗斯,谢了,中国!"

File - In this Jan. 27, 2012 file photo, in this citizen journalism image provide by the Local Coordination Committees in Syria, anti-Syrian regime protesters, hold a caricature placard shows Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin aiding his Syrian ally President Bashar Assad during a demonstration, at kfarnebel town in Edleb province, Syria. Throughout 40 years of Assad family dictatorship, one thing united Syrians _ the culture of self-censorship, fear and paranoia. But the uprising against President Bashar Assad has unleashed a burst of blunt irreverence and black humor that would have been unthinkable before, when any satire had to be indirect or hidden. The Arabic words in the placard read:"The occupied Kfar-Nebel". (Foto:Local Coordination Committees in Syria, File/AP/dapd) EDITORIAL USE ONLY, NO SALES, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS HANDOUT PHOTO
叙利亚示威者抗议俄中在安理会表决中投否决票图像来源: AP

叙利亚政权继续自己的一套说词。叙利亚国家媒体称,阿拉伯卫星频道展示的那些可怕的尸体照片都是经过处理的,叙利亚军队没有轰炸居民楼。

战争已不可阻挡

在安理会的外交灾难之后,俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫本周二(2月7日)与阿萨德的会面其实已经于事无补。在叙利亚一些地方早已打响的内战已无法得到制止。反叛者,即所谓自由叙利亚军会得到壮大,也许还会得到来自外国的武器。

但阿萨德政权还没有用尽其军力。专家称,四分之三的士兵现在还呆在军营里。共和国卫队的特种部队以及第四坦克营仍然效忠阿萨德。多哈布鲁金学院的沙迪·哈米德(Shadi Hamid)因此认为,叙利亚政权内部不太可能发生突变:

"这需要军队高层出现反叛者,但现在并没有出现这样的情况。埃及模式,也就是军队反对当权者的模式在叙利亚并不奏效。阿萨德用了10年时间将自己的人安插在所有重要的位置上。只有向叙利亚政权施加更多压力,只有制裁发挥作用,只有反对派变得更为团结,那么叙利亚政权的重要人物才可能会重新考虑一下自己的立场。"

也就是说,没有快速解决叙利亚战乱的途径。从外部来看,暴力几乎已经无法制止。尽管叙利亚政权不能赢得这场冲突,但却可以以牺牲更多受害者为代价无限期地耗下去。

作者:Ulrich Leidholdt 编译:乐然

责编:叶宣