1. 跳轉至内容
  2. 跳轉至主選單
  3. 跳轉到更多DW網站

敘利亞陷入內戰

2012年2月6日

俄羅斯和中國再次阻撓聯合國安理會通過一項譴責敘利亞政府的決議。此間,俄羅斯和中國再次阻撓聯合國安理會通過一項譴責敘利亞政府的決議。

https://p.dw.com/p/13y0l
Syrian soldiers, who have defected to join the Free Syrian Army, hold up their rifles as they secure a street in Saqba, in Damascus suburbs, in this January 27, 2012 file photo. People have described Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to Reuters as a head of state fully abreast of events on the ground - not the mere puppet of hardliners that some have portrayed - "relaxed and phlegmatic", and determined to see off the challenge, offering some reforms, strictly on his own terms. While few rate his long-term prospects highly, all is not lost, at least for now. Assad's troops swiftly drove back the more lightly armed rebels from the outskirts of Damascus and many foresee a long struggle yet for a country, at the heart of the Middle East, that is trapped in a "balance of weakness". Picture taken January 27, 2012. To match Insight SYRIA/ASSAD REUTERS/Ahmed Jadallah/Files (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS MILITARY)
加入反對陣營自由敘利亞軍的前政府軍士兵在大馬士革近郊守衛街道圖片來源: REUTERS

(德國之聲中文網)霍姆斯戰火紛飛。這座敘利亞第三大城市裡濃煙滾滾,到處傳來槍炮聲和爆炸聲,一處輸油管被炸。戰爭已經到來。沒有人知道究竟有多少人被打死。一位目擊者在阿拉伯半島電視台說:

"炸彈落到各城區居民樓上。場面非常恐怖。這是一場大規模的襲擊,短短半小時就扔下了很多炸彈。從太陽升起就開始,6點鐘後更加密集。樓房在爆炸聲中顫抖。我們不知道該怎麼辦才好。"

由於俄羅斯和中國投了否決票,聯合國暫時不能通過譴責敘利亞政府的決議。阿拉伯聯盟稱這是給阿薩德政權發了"殺人許可"。霍姆斯居民對俄中的外交抵制嘲諷說:

"謝了,俄羅斯,謝了,中國!"

File - In this Jan. 27, 2012 file photo, in this citizen journalism image provide by the Local Coordination Committees in Syria, anti-Syrian regime protesters, hold a caricature placard shows Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin aiding his Syrian ally President Bashar Assad during a demonstration, at kfarnebel town in Edleb province, Syria. Throughout 40 years of Assad family dictatorship, one thing united Syrians _ the culture of self-censorship, fear and paranoia. But the uprising against President Bashar Assad has unleashed a burst of blunt irreverence and black humor that would have been unthinkable before, when any satire had to be indirect or hidden. The Arabic words in the placard read:"The occupied Kfar-Nebel". (Foto:Local Coordination Committees in Syria, File/AP/dapd) EDITORIAL USE ONLY, NO SALES, THE ASSOCIATED PRESS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS HANDOUT PHOTO
敘利亞示威者抗議俄中在安理會表決中投否決票圖片來源: AP

敘利亞政權繼續自己的一套說詞。敘利亞國家媒體稱,阿拉伯衛星頻道展示的那些可怕的屍體照片都是經過處理的,敘利亞軍隊沒有轟炸居民樓。

戰爭已不可阻擋

在安理會的外交災難之後,俄羅斯外長拉夫羅夫本周二(2月7日)與阿薩德的會面其實已經於事無補。在敘利亞一些地方早已打響的內戰已無法得到制止。反叛者,即所謂自由敘利亞軍會得到壯大,也許還會得到來自外國的武器。

但阿薩德政權還沒有用盡其軍力。專家稱,四分之三的士兵現在還呆在軍營裡。共和國衛隊的特種部隊以及第四坦克營仍然效忠阿薩德。多哈布魯金學院的沙迪‧哈米德(Shadi Hamid)因此認為,敘利亞政權內部不太可能發生突變:

"這需要軍隊高層出現反叛者,但現在並沒有出現這樣的情況。埃及模式,也就是軍隊反對當權者的模式在敘利亞並不奏效。阿薩德用了10年時間將自己的人安插在所有重要的位置上。只有向敘利亞政權施加更多壓力,只有制裁發揮作用,只有反對派變得更為團結,那麼敘利亞政權的重要人物才可能會重新考慮一下自己的立場。"

也就是說,沒有快速解決敘利亞戰亂的途徑。從外部來看,暴力幾乎已經無法制止。儘管敘利亞政權不能贏得這場衝突,但卻可以以犧牲更多受害者為代價無限期地耗下去。

作者:Ulrich Leidholdt 編譯:樂然

責編:葉宣