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「政權批評人士」艾哈邁迪內賈德

2012年10月30日

伊朗的權力鬥爭越來越「怪誕」。距離任期結束只有不到半年時間,總統艾哈邁迪內賈德開始變身政權批評人士。

https://p.dw.com/p/16ZNt
Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad gestures as he speaks during the 67th United Nations General Assembly at the U.N. Headquarters in New York, September 26, 2012. REUTERS/Lucas Jackson (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS)
伊朗總統艾哈邁迪 - 內賈德圖片來源: Reuters

(德國之聲中文網)伊朗國家高層領導人之間的權力鬥爭已經在伊朗憲法中顯現。根據憲法規定,人民選舉的總統處於權力至高無上的宗教領袖之下。憲法擴大了宗教領袖的權力。宗教領袖有權取締政府的決定和議會的法令。而總統雖然有權任命政府各部的部長,但必須事先徵得精神領袖的同意。

2011年4月,伊朗總統艾哈邁迪內賈德(Ahmadinedschad)決定解除情報部長海達爾‧穆斯利赫(Heydar Moslehi )的職務,但是伊朗宗教領袖哈梅內伊( Chamenei)卻強迫他繼續留任穆斯利赫。艾哈邁迪內賈德感到難以忍受這一屈辱,因而10天遠離政府事務。在受到宗教領袖陣營的嚴詞攻擊和威脅後,他被迫做出讓步。

訪問監獄的計劃被拒

FILE - Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei speaking in Tehran, Iran, 19.09.2008. The Obama administration is relying on a secret channel of communication to warn Iran_s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, that closing the Strait of Hormuz is a _red line_ that would provoke a US n response, according to United States government officials, the New York Times reports Friday, January 13, 2012. EPA/ABEDIN TAHERKENAREH +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
宗教領袖哈梅內伊圖片來源: picture-alliance/dpa

根據伊朗憲法,總統艾哈邁迪內賈德和宗教領袖哈梅內伊是伊朗兩個最有權力的人。兩人之間的公開爭鬥也因此拉開序幕。伊朗總統艾哈邁迪內賈德最近受到的一次侮辱是司法部門拒絕允許他訪問德黑蘭一家監獄。艾哈邁迪內賈德在寫給伊朗司法部長阿亞圖拉‧薩迪克‧拉蕊賈尼的一封公開信中說:「公民必須有探監的權利,如果他們拒絕總統享有這一權利,只能意味著侵犯人權。」

由於司法機關屬於哈梅內伊的權力範圍,因此司法部長拉蕊賈尼也拒絕屈服總統的壓力。他教誨其對手:「在這一困難時期,總統應首先關注人民的重要願望,而不應關注監獄的事情。」拉蕊賈尼還寫道,總統艾哈邁迪內賈德忽略三權分立。而總統則宣佈,他不會放棄對監獄的訪問。

尤其是艾哈邁迪內賈德恰恰現在要去探望這所臭名昭著的監獄,很可能與其心腹和新聞顧問阿裡‧阿克巴‧傑萬費柯爾被判六個月監禁有關。其罪名是侮辱國家最高領導人哈梅內伊和「傳播非伊斯蘭價值觀」。

總統尋找受害人角色

Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad speaks during the 67th United Nations General Assembly at U.N. headquarters in New York, September 26, 2012. REUTERS/Mike Segar (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS)
伊朗總統艾哈邁迪內賈德圖片來源: Reuters
FILE - This Monday, Aug. 3, 2009 file photo released by the official website of the Iranian Supreme Leader's office, shows Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, right, delivering a speech after Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, seated at left, formally endorsed him for a second term as President during an official ceremony in Tehran, Iran. As Iran's capacity to build nuclear weapons grows, intelligence assessments from nations that follow Tehran's atomic progress discern increasing indecision and squabbling by its leadership on whether to make such arms - and if so, how overtly. Most suggest Ahmadinejad is more circumspect. But an intelligence summary shared recently with The Associated Press sees Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as the more cautious of the two and says the Revolutionary Guard is benefiting from the dispute, with some of the authority normally exercised by the president devolving to it. (AP Photo/Office of the Supreme Leader, File) ** EDITORIAL USE ONLY, NO SALES ** EDITORS NOTE AS A RESULT OF AN OFFICIAL IRANIAN GOVERNMENT BAN ON FOREIGN MEDIA COVERING SOME EVENTS IN IRAN, THE AP WAS PREVENTED FROM INDEPENDENT ACCESS TO THIS EVENT
哈梅內伊和總統艾哈邁迪內賈德圖片來源: AP

流亡西方的伊朗政策專家阿克巴爾‧甘吉(Akabar Ganji)認為艾哈邁迪內賈德「已經做好應對嚴峻衝突的準備。他不惜冒失去總統職務,甚至坐牢的風險。」究其原因,甘吉認為答案只有一個,這就是艾哈邁迪內賈德希望讓衝突升級。他越是與最高宗教領袖對著干,直接被霍梅內伊或者在霍梅內伊授權下被議會解除職務的風險就越大。一旦如此,艾哈邁迪內賈德就轉入受害人的角色,從而作為人民利益的捍衛者發動攻勢,將所有經濟和社會問題都歸罪於對立派陣營。

作者:Farhad Payar    編譯:李京慧
責編:苗子