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“政权批评人士”艾哈迈迪内贾德

2012年10月30日

伊朗的权力斗争越来越“怪诞”。距离任期结束只有不到半年时间,总统艾哈迈迪内贾德开始变身政权批评人士。

https://p.dw.com/p/16ZNt
Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad gestures as he speaks during the 67th United Nations General Assembly at the U.N. Headquarters in New York, September 26, 2012. REUTERS/Lucas Jackson (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS)
伊朗总统艾哈迈迪 - 内贾德图像来源: Reuters

(德国之声中文网)伊朗国家高层领导人之间的权力斗争已经在伊朗宪法中显现。根据宪法规定,人民选举的总统处于权力至高无上的宗教领袖之下。宪法扩大了宗教领袖的权力。宗教领袖有权取缔政府的决定和议会的法令。而总统虽然有权任命政府各部的部长,但必须事先征得精神领袖的同意。

2011年4月,伊朗总统艾哈迈迪内贾德(Ahmadinedschad)决定解除情报部长海达尔·穆斯利赫(Heydar Moslehi )的职务,但是伊朗宗教领袖哈梅内伊( Chamenei)却强迫他继续留任穆斯利赫。艾哈迈迪内贾德感到难以忍受这一屈辱,因而10天远离政府事务。在受到宗教领袖阵营的严词攻击和威胁后,他被迫做出让步。

访问监狱的计划被拒

FILE - Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei speaking in Tehran, Iran, 19.09.2008. The Obama administration is relying on a secret channel of communication to warn Iran_s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, that closing the Strait of Hormuz is a _red line_ that would provoke a US n response, according to United States government officials, the New York Times reports Friday, January 13, 2012. EPA/ABEDIN TAHERKENAREH +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
宗教领袖哈梅内伊图像来源: picture-alliance/dpa

根据伊朗宪法,总统艾哈迈迪内贾德和宗教领袖哈梅内伊是伊朗两个最有权力的人。两人之间的公开争斗也因此拉开序幕。伊朗总统艾哈迈迪内贾德最近受到的一次侮辱是司法部门拒绝允许他访问德黑兰一家监狱。艾哈迈迪内贾德在写给伊朗司法部长阿亚图拉·萨迪克·拉里贾尼的一封公开信中说:“公民必须有探监的权利,如果他们拒绝总统享有这一权利,只能意味着侵犯人权。”

由于司法机关属于哈梅内伊的权力范围,因此司法部长拉里贾尼也拒绝屈服总统的压力。他教诲其对手:“在这一困难时期,总统应首先关注人民的重要愿望,而不应关注监狱的事情。”拉里贾尼还写道,总统艾哈迈迪内贾德忽略三权分立。而总统则宣布,他不会放弃对监狱的访问。

尤其是艾哈迈迪内贾德恰恰现在要去探望这所臭名昭著的监狱,很可能与其心腹和新闻顾问阿里·阿克巴·杰万费科尔被判六个月监禁有关。其罪名是侮辱国家最高领导人哈梅内伊和“传播非伊斯兰价值观”。

总统寻找受害人角色

Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad speaks during the 67th United Nations General Assembly at U.N. headquarters in New York, September 26, 2012. REUTERS/Mike Segar (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS)
伊朗总统艾哈迈迪内贾德图像来源: Reuters
FILE - This Monday, Aug. 3, 2009 file photo released by the official website of the Iranian Supreme Leader's office, shows Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, right, delivering a speech after Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, seated at left, formally endorsed him for a second term as President during an official ceremony in Tehran, Iran. As Iran's capacity to build nuclear weapons grows, intelligence assessments from nations that follow Tehran's atomic progress discern increasing indecision and squabbling by its leadership on whether to make such arms - and if so, how overtly. Most suggest Ahmadinejad is more circumspect. But an intelligence summary shared recently with The Associated Press sees Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as the more cautious of the two and says the Revolutionary Guard is benefiting from the dispute, with some of the authority normally exercised by the president devolving to it. (AP Photo/Office of the Supreme Leader, File) ** EDITORIAL USE ONLY, NO SALES ** EDITORS NOTE AS A RESULT OF AN OFFICIAL IRANIAN GOVERNMENT BAN ON FOREIGN MEDIA COVERING SOME EVENTS IN IRAN, THE AP WAS PREVENTED FROM INDEPENDENT ACCESS TO THIS EVENT
哈梅内伊和总统艾哈迈迪内贾德图像来源: AP

流亡西方的伊朗政策专家阿克巴尔·甘吉(Akabar Ganji)认为艾哈迈迪内贾德“已经做好应对严峻冲突的准备。他不惜冒失去总统职务,甚至坐牢的风险。”究其原因,甘吉认为答案只有一个,这就是艾哈迈迪内贾德希望让冲突升级。他越是与最高宗教领袖对着干,直接被霍梅内伊或者在霍梅内伊授权下被议会解除职务的风险就越大。一旦如此,艾哈迈迪内贾德就转入受害人的角色,从而作为人民利益的捍卫者发动攻势,将所有经济和社会问题都归罪于对立派阵营。

作者:Farhad Payar    编译:李京慧
责编:苗子