Tsohon rikici: Shekaru 40 da yakin Iran da Iraki

A ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 1980, shugaban kama karya Saddam Hussaini ya tura sojoji zuwa makwabciyarsa kasar Iran, abin da ya tayar da mummunan yaki na tsawon shekaru takwas da ya halaka dubban mutane. An fara rikicin ne a kan takaddamar mallakar wani yankin kasa a tsakanin kasashen biyu da dukkansu ke da rinjayen Musulmi mabiya Shi'a.

A watan Maris na 1975, mataimakin shugaban Iraki na wancan lokaci da Shah na Iran, suka sanya hannu a kan wata yarjejeniya a Algiers domin sulhunta rikicin kan iyaka. Sai dai Bagadaza ta zargi Tehran da yunkurin kai hare-hare, a saboda haka ta yi kiran kwashe mutane daga wasu muhimman tsibirai uku a mashigin ruwan Hormuz, wanda Iran da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa kowace ke ikrarin mallakinta ne.

A ranar 17 ga watan Satumbar 1980, Bagadaza ta ayyana watsi da yarjejeniyar Algiers, ta kuma bukaci iko da dukkan mashigin ruwan mai tazarar kilomita 200, wanda ya hade kogin Tigris da na Euphrates da suka shiga cikin Tekun Fasha.

Sojojin Saddam sun yi luguden bama-bamai a kan tashoshin jiragen sama, ciki har da na Tehran da cibiyoyin sojoji da matatun man fetur na Iran. Sojojin Iraki ba su fuskanci turjiya ba sosai, a makon farko suka kuma kwace garuruwan Qasr da wasu wuraren ibada da Mehran da kuma tashar ruwa ta Khorramshahr a Kudu maso Yammacin Iran, inda kogin Shatt al-Arab suka hadu.

Kasashe da dama na yankin Tekun Fasha ciki har da Saudiyya da Kuwait, sun goyi bayan Bagadaza a yakin da suka yi da Iran tare da fargabar cewa juyin-juya hali da Ayatollah Khomeini na Iran ya jagoranta, na iya yin tasiri akan 'yan Shi'a a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kasashen yammacin Turai su ma sun goyi bayan Bagadaza, inda suka sayarwa Saddam makamai.

Martanin da Iran ta kai ya mamayi Iraki, saboda Tehran ta yi kokarin kwato tashar ruwan Khorramshahr. Bagadaza ta sanar da tsagaita wuta ta janye sojojinta, sai dai Tehran ta yi watsi da matakin ta kuma ci gaba da luguden wuta kan biranen Iraki. Daga watan Afrilun 1984, bangarorin biyu sun ci gaba da yakin da ya ragargaza birane kimanin 30 daga dukkan bangarorin da hare-haren makamai masu linzami.

Daya daga cikin abin da ya dauki hankali a yakin shi ne amfani da makamai masu guba da Bagadaza ta yi akan Tehran. Iran ta fara yin zargi a 1984 wanda kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tabbatar a 1988. A watan Yunin 1987, sojojin Iraki sun harba hayaki mai guba a garin Sardasht na Iran. A watan Maris na 1988, Iran ta ce Bagadazan ta yi amfani da makamai masu guba a kan 'yan kasarta a garin Halabja.

A ranar 18 ga watan Yulin 1988, Khomeini ya amince da kudirin Kwamitin Sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya domin kawo karshen yakin. Koda yake ba a tantance yawan mutanen da aka kashe a yakin ba, an kiyasta cewa akalla mutane 650,000 ne suka halaka a lokacin rikicin. A ranar 20 ga watan Augustan 1988, aka sanar da tsagaita wuta.

Hambarar da gwamnatin Saddam da Amirka ta yi a shekara ta 2003, ya kawo sabon babi a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Dangantaka tsakanin Iran da Iraki ta inganta tun daga wancan lokaci, kuma kasashen biyu sun ci gaba da kawancen tattalin arziki da al'adu da kuma zamantakewa.