Tarihin shugaban ƙasar Siriya Bashar Al-Assad

Bashar Al-Assad shine ɗan autan tsofan shugaban ƙasar Siriya Hafez Al-Assad, wanda ya samu tare da matarsa Anisah Makhlouf.

An haife shi ranar 11 ga watan Satumba na shekara 1965, wato yanzu ya na da shekaru 47 kenan a duniya.Bashar Al-Assad kamar ma'aifinsa mabiyin Alaouite ne wani ɓangare na ɗarikar Schi'a.

Yayi makarantar Firamari da Sakandari a makarantar larabci da faransanci ta al-Hurriyet ta birnin Damascus.

A cikin wannan makaranta, ya koyi harsunan faransanci da turanci.Bayan ya samu takardar BAC wato takardar nan dake ɗalibi damar shiga jami'a,wadda ya samu a shekara 1982,sai ya shiga jami'a a ɓangaren kiwan lafiya, inda ya fito da matsain Dr.na ɓangaren idanu.

Daga shekara 1988 zuwa 1992 ya yi aiki a matsayin likitar idanu a babbar asibitin soja dake Tishreen kusa da birnin Damascus.

Bayan wannan aiki nan tsawan shekaru huɗu sai ya tafi birnin Landan na ƙasar Birtaniya domin ƙara ƙurewa ta fannin aikin likitar ido,a cen ne ma yayi sanaya da wata budurwa mai suna Asma al-Akhras wadda daga baya ta zama matarsa.

Ta ƙaƙa Assad shiga harakokin siyasa?

Hausawa ke cewa ƙaddara ta riga fata.Shi da kansa an ce bai kula da harkokin siyasa ba da farko, kawai harkar aikinsa ya sa gaba.Akwai wani magajin Bashar mai suna Bassel, wanda daga cikin 'ya'yan shugaban Hafez al-Assad shine babba,kuma shine shugaban ya shirya domin ya gaje shi idan lokaci yayi.

To amma kana taka Allah na tashi, sai Bassel yayi haɗarin mota ya rasau a sherkara 1994, daga nan ne sai shugaba Hafez al-Assad ya bukaci Bashar ya dawo gida daga inda ya ke karatu, domin ya shirya shi tun da wanda a shirya ɗin wato Bassel, Allah bai nufa ba.

Daga Bashar ya dawo Siriya sai ya shiga makarantar koyan aikin soja dake Damascus.A shekara 1999 ya samu gala Kanal, kuima bayanda ma'aifinsa ya gano da ya fara laƙantar al'amarun siyasa da na diplomasiya ya sha tura shi a mazanci sirri tsakanin Siriya da ƙasashen ƙetare misali kamar Lebanan a wajen shugaba Emile Lahoud da kuma Faransa a lokacin Jacques Chirac ke kan karagar mulki.

Shugaban ƙasar Siriya Hafez al-Assad ya rasu a shekara ta 2000.Lokacin da ya rasu kudin tsarin mulkin Siriya ba baiwa Bashar ba damar zaman shugaban ƙasa domin sai mutum ya na da shekaru 40,a yayin shi Assad a lokacin shekarunsa 34 kawai.Don janye wannan tarnaƙi sai 'yan majalisar dokokin Siriya suka yi wa kundin tsarin mulki kwaskarima, su ka maido shekarun zama shugaban ƙasa da shekaru 40 zuwa shekaru 34.

Sannan kwanaki biyu bayan rasuwar ma'aifinsa sai mataimakin shugaban kasa, ya karawa Bashar Al-Assad girma daga Kanal ya zama Janar, sannan ranar 25 ga watan Juni,gaba ɗaya Majalisar Dokoki ta kaɗa ƙuri'ar amincewa da ɗora shi domin maye gurbin ma'aifinsa na shugabancin ƙasar Siriya.Don samun haɗin kan jama'a sai aka shirya ƙuri'ar raba gardama wadda ta samu gagaramin rinjaye, saboda haka tun daga ranar 10 ga watan Juli na shekara 2000 Bashar Al-Assad ya zama shugaban ƙasa mai cikkaken mulki.

Wace irin rawa Bashar al-Assad ya taka tsawan mulkinsa wanda ya kai a yanzu shekaru 12, a ciki da wajen Siriya ?

Idan ba dan kaɗawar guguwar neman sauyi ba a ƙasashen larabawa, wadda yanzu haka ta ci gaba da haddasa asara rayuka a Siriya shugaba Bashar Al-Assad ana yi masa kyakkyawar shaida.

Watani kaɗan bayan hawansa kan karagar mulki ya saki da dama daga firsisonin siyasa, sannan shine ya cire dokar hana walwaha wadda ma'afinsa ya shimfiɗa, ta fannin tattalin arziki ma, an ce ya ƙaddamar da tsare-tsare masu inganci wanda suka haɓɓaka tattalin arzikin ƙasar Siriya.

Ta fannin harkokin diplomatiya duk da zaman doya da man ja da ke tsakanin Isra'ila da Siriya, bisa jagorancin Assad ƙasashen biyu ba su faɗa ba, abinda ya sa ma hukumomin Isra'ila ba su nuna zaƙewa ba a ƙoƙarin kifar da mukin Assad da ƙasashen Turai da Amurika ke yi ta hanyar taimakawa 'yan tawaye.

A daya hannun a zamanin mulkinsa ne sojojin Siriya suka ficce daga ƙasar Lebanon da suka maye ko da shike ma dai yayi hakan ne bisa matsin ƙaimin gamayyar ƙasa da ƙasa.

A fagen siyasa da na diplomatiya ƙasar Siriya ta taka rawa kyakyawa hasali ma game da abinda ya shafi yankin gabas ta tsakiya, inda ta kasance babbar abikiyar burmin ƙasashen Turai da Amurika.

Dalilin da suka sa kuma Amurika da Turai suka aza wa hukumomin Siriya karan tsana,duk da rawar da ƙasar ke takawa a siyasar yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya

Akwai dalilai da dama, amma masu mahimmancin daga a wannan dalilai sune zargin da Amurika da Isra'ila ke wa Siriya da bada tallafi ga kungiyayin da suka jera a sahun manyan 'yan ta'ada na duniya misali ƙungiyar Hizbullahi da ƙungiyar Hamas da kuma Jihad Islami, ka san shi kansa shugaban ƙungiyar Hamas Khaleed Michael a Siriya ya tare da zama.

Zan iya tunawa akwai wata ziyara aiki da Paparoma Jean Paul na biyu ya kai a Siriya a shekara 2001, a lokacin da yayi jawabi shugaba Bashar Al-Assad ya yi kalamomi masu zafi inda ya caccaki Amurika da Isra'ila game da mamayen tuddan Golan, da yankuna Palestinawa.Shi wannan jawabi ya ƙara cusa ƙyama tsakanin Siriya da wannan ƙasashe.

Sannan a lokacin da Komitin Sulhu na MDD ya kaɗa kuri'ar amincewa da sojojin Amurika su kaihari ga Irak domin kifar da Saddam Hussain a shekara 2003,shugaba Bashar al-Assad ya yi mummunar adawa da wannan mataki,domin haka ƙasarsa ta kaɗa kujera ƙin amincewa, ta yi hakan duk kuwa da baƙar gaba da ke tsakanin Siriya da Irak.

Wata hujja kuma itace kisan gillar da aka yi wa Firaministan Lebanon Rafik Hariri a watan Faburairu na shekara 2005, ƙasashen yammancin duniya na dora alhakin wannan kisa ga jami' an leƙen asirin Siriya.

Wannan batu ya na daga cikin dalilan da suka ka sa mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Siriya Abdel Halim Khaddem yayi murabus a shekara 2005, ya samu mafakar siyasa a ƙasar Faransa da shi da iyalinsa , daga cen ne ya ce shugaba Bashar Al-Assad ke da alhakin kitsa harin da ya hallaka Hariri, sannan kuma ya zarge shi da hannu a cikin duk muna-munar da ake shiryawa, wadda ta hana yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya ya samu zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa.

Ka ji wasu daga cikin ababen da suka sa ƙasashen Turai da Amurika suka aza ƙafan zuƙa ga shugaba Bashar Al-Assad, wanda suke zargi da shimfiɗa mulkin kama karya.

Yanzu shekara guda da rabi kenan ƙasar ta faɗa cikin bila'in yaƙin bassasa, tsakanin magoya bayan shugaban ƙasa da kuma 'yan tawaye masu samun ɗaurin gindi daga ƙasashen Turai da Amurika da kuma wasu ƙasashen larabawa da Turkiyya.

Mawallafi: Yahouza Sadissou Madobi
Edita: Usman Shehu Usman