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内战中的叙利亚举行公投

2012年2月26日

在持续暴力的阴影下,2月26日上午叙利亚就新宪法举行了全民公决。约1500万选民参加了投票。本次修宪最重要的内容是取消执政党阿拉伯复兴社会党的垄断地位。而反对派呼吁抵制修宪。

https://p.dw.com/p/14AS4
A Syrian man, left, signs ballot papers inside a voting booth at a polling station during a referendum on the new constitution in Damascus, Syria, Sunday Feb. 26, 2012. Syrians began voting Sunday on a new draft constitution aimed at quelling the country's uprising by ending the ruling Baath Party's five-decade domination of power, but the opposition announced a boycott and clashes were reported across the country. In regions like the restive central city of Homs, where shelling by government forces has left hundreds dead, or the northwestern province of Idlib and the southern region of Daraa where rebels clash frequently with the security forces, turnout is likely to be minimal. (AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)
图像来源: AP

这是令人毛骨耸然的一幕--霍姆斯和叙利亚其他城市依旧笼罩在战争的硝烟之中,手无寸铁的平民被政府军打死。与此同时,叙利亚人要投出自己的一票,参与到民主的行动中去。用公投取代抗议----这次公投是自称为改革者的叙利亚总统阿萨德提出的。阿萨德说:

"新宪法的改革包括两方面:一方面是政治上的改革,另一方面是打击正在我国部分地区蔓延的恐怖活动。"

叙利亚民众可以在全国835个投票站对新宪法说"Yes"或"No"。新宪法中最重要的内容是取消执政党阿拉伯复兴社会党担任该国领导地位,允许其他党派参与竞争。实际上,从1963年以来阿拉伯复兴社会党就一直是叙利亚执政党。乔治·雅布尔( George Jabbour)是大马士革的一位教授,他曾是领导叙利亚30年之久的阿萨德父亲的顾问。尽管反对阿萨德的抗议已持续了1年,但雅布尔认为公投几乎不会有什么问题。他说:

"当然,并不是所有的地方都能投票,但在大部分地区还是可以的。投票的结果应该是明确的:宪法获得通过,之后是议会选举。我希望会是如此,但也不完全确定。"

A Syrian woman casts her ballot paper at a polling station during a referendum on the new constitution, in Damascus, Syria, Sunday Feb. 26, 2012. Syrians began voting Sunday on a new draft constitution aimed at quelling the country's uprising by ending the ruling Baath Party's five-decade domination of power, but the opposition announced a boycott and clashes were reported across the country. In regions like the restive central city of Homs, where shelling by government forces has left hundreds dead, or the northwestern province of Idlib and the southern region of Daraa where rebels clash frequently with the security forces, turnout is likely to be minimal. (AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)
投票现场图像来源: AP

毫无疑问,叙利亚总统和最高指挥官都被迷惑了。阿萨德说:"大多数叙利亚人想要改革。那些没有上街抗议,没有违反法律,没有乱杀无辜的叙利亚人--是这些人想要改革。"

而大马士革政治评论员塔贝特·萨利姆(Thabet Salem)则表示,"如果人们可以自由投票,阿萨德将不会获得多数票。我估计,最多30%到35%的人支持阿萨德。"

The picture of the Syria's President Bashar al-Assad is seen on central bank building in Damascus February 24, 2012. REUTERS/Khaled al-Hariri (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST)
大马士革的阿萨德头像图像来源: Reuters

1年前反对派要求制订新宪法。如今,持续一年的冲突已造成6000人身亡,反对派却转而抵制新宪法公投。他们现在要求的只有一件事--阿萨德及其政权下台。但叙利亚问题专家罗伯特·菲斯克(Robert Fisk)警告说:

"尽管阿萨德被堵在了死胡同,但他仍不会那么快下台。他的政党阿拉伯复兴社会党也是。希望他马上倒台的愿望是错误的。"

作者:Ulrich Leidholdt 编译:严严
责编:文山