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蘇丹

蘇丹位於非洲東北部,紅海沿岸,撒哈拉沙漠東端。面積188.6萬平方公里,人口4100萬,多為阿拉伯穆斯林。歸咎於軍政府在達爾富爾戰亂問題上的專制統治,蘇丹曾一度被評為「世界上最不安定的國家」;後來,南蘇丹於2011年1月9日舉行公民投票,98.83%的投票支持獨立。2011年7月9日,南蘇丹共和國正式宣佈獨立。此後,蘇丹也時常被稱為「北蘇丹」。

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Sudanese anti-government protesters chant slogans after the Friday noon prayer in the Omdurman district of northern Khartoum, Sudan, Friday, Sept. 27, 2013. Security forces opened fire on Sudanese protesters Friday, witnesses said, as thousands marched through the streets of the capital in an opposition push to turn a wave of popular anger over fuel price hikes into an outright uprising against the 24-year rule of President Omar al-Bashir. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)
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South Sudanese MPs stand during a parliamentary session in Juba on August 31, 2011 where the ruling party used its huge majority to approve a new cabinet over opposition objections that the number of ministers was beyond the means of the world's newest nation. AFP PHOTO/STR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)
Dinka men covered in mud and cow dung perform a traditional dance at celebrations for South Sudan's second anniversary of independence in Juba, South Sudan, Tuesday, July 9, 2013. After decades of civil war with Sudan, South Sudan became the world's newest country July 9th, 2011 when it gained independence from the north. (AP Photo/Mackenzie Knowles-Coursin)
(FILES) -- Sudanese repair crew work at the Heglig oil facility, after Sudan started pumping oil again from the war-damaged oil field on May 2, 2012, 12 days after occupying South Sudanese troops left the area. Somewhere within the twisted metal of Sudan's damaged Heglig petroleum complex may lie the evidence to prove who caused the destruction during the 10-day occupation of the region by South Sudanese troops last month. AFP PHOTO / STR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/GettyImages)
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TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY PETER MARTELL A Sudanese boy rounds up cattle in a camp in the southern Sudanese settlement of Pochalla in the state of Jonglei on November 11, 2009. At least 370 children have been abducted in south Sudan this year in inter-ethnic raids according to the United Nations, part of growing levels of violence in the region. AFP PHOTO/PETER MARTELL (Photo credit should read PETER MARTELL/AFP/Getty Images)
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(FILES) A Chadian soldier in no-mans-land between the border of Chad and Sudan, just outside Tine, Tuesday, 27 January 2004. Chadian rebel forces, which for days have been marching on Ndjamena, have entered the capital and are moving in the direction of the presidential palace, reports said 02 February 2008. According to reports from the al-Jazeera broadcaster, the sound of battle could be heard near the presidential palace, while Frenchmedia was reporting that around 2,000 rebel troops were in the city. EPA/STEPHEN MORRISON +++(c) dpa - Report+++
KHARTOUM, SUDAN: Leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), Salva Kiir (L), holds hands with Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir (C) and second Vice President Ali Osman Taha at a low-key ceremony in Khartoum 11 August 2005, during which Kiir was sworn in as Sudan's first vice president after the death of his predecessor John Garang. Kiir, 54, pledged to follow his legacy and work for peace and unity in the war-ravaged country. He took office less than two weeks after Garang was killed in a helicopter crash that raised fears for the future of a peace deal that ended 21 years of war between southern rebels and the government in Khartoum. EDS NOTE: Removing extraneous sentence. AFP PHOTO/KHALED DESOUKI (Photo credit should read KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/Getty Images)
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