Exploring Eastern Europe: Bulgaria

This bronze statue is definitely an attraction — the "Saint Sofia," is almost 9 meters (29 ft.) high, weighs 5 tons and is composed of 160 pieces. The mayor donated it to his city in 2000. It is supposed to embody the greatness and beauty of Sofia.

For five centuries, Bulgaria was under Ottoman rule. This is evidenced by the Great Mosque, one of the few remaining architectural remnants of the period. Built in the 16th century, it is one of the oldest mosques in Europe and still used as a place of worship today.

Extending over 600 kilometers (373 miles), the Balkans are the longest mountain range on the peninsula of the same name and divide Bulgaria into north and south. Veliko Tarnovo, once the Bulgarian capital, is in the north. Its location overlooking the Yantra river is breathtaking in itself, and the historical center is utterly charming.

The Shipka Pass crosses the Balkan Mountains at an altitude of 1,200 meters (3,937 feet) and provides a great view of Bulgaria. The national monument seen here commemorates one of the most important battles in the fight for liberation from Ottoman rule. With substantial support from Russia, Bulgaria was able to regain its independence in 1878.

To the north of the Balkans is the spectacular Devetashka cave with its 60-meter-high vaulted ceiling. In 2011, an action sequence for the Hollywood film "The Expendables 2" was shot here — unfortunately with the result that the cave's bat population decreased temporarily by 75%. The bats have since returned — much to the delight of conservationists.

The city of Plovdiv is located in the south of Bulgaria. Like Rome, it was built on seven hills but it is much older — 8,000 years old! In that time, Thracians, Romans, Ottomans have left their mark and this rich heritage shapes modern life. Cafes and restaurants, shops and galleries contribute to the easygoing climate of Plovdiv, which was the European Capital of Culture in 2019.

This ancient marble theater in the center of Plovdiv is one of the most beautiful Roman legacies. Built under Emperor Trajan at the beginning of the 2nd century AD, it once accommodated audiences of 7,000 people who came to see tragedies and comedies performed. These days, the relics still form a magnificent setting for concerts and theater productions.

Bulgaria has only 7 million inhabitants and an impressive 237 monasteries! But that's not surprising because the country on the Black Sea is considered to be the cradle of Orthodox Christianity, 1,100 years ago. Today, the monastery of Bachkovo is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in all of southeastern Europe. It was founded in 1083 — and is definitely an experience.

Bulgaria's Black Sea coast has been an insider's tip for holidaymakers looking for a budget vacation for many years. This beach in Varna, with its white sands and crystal-clear water, is particularly attractive. It is where 70% of the country's tourist accommodation is located. Bulgaria is one of the poorest countries in Europe.

Since the start of the Russian war against Ukraine, thousands of Ukrainian refugees have been arriving in the resort city of Varna, seeking shelter and help. This could potentially pose a challenge as Bulgaria is generally quite Russia-friendly.